LD 580 
.fl5 
1888 
Copy 1 



I^pool^lj/'n Institute. 



THE ACT OF INCORPORATION, 



The By-Laws 



— AND — 



A BRIEF HISTORY 



OF THE 

Brooklyn Institute. -§ 

1888. 



BROOKLYN, N. Y., 1888. 






©Wfrom 
Wrs. Marcus Beniamfn 
Dec. 5, 1932 



o 






A BRIEF HISTORY 

OF THE 

BROOKLYN INSTITUTE. 



itlirliiliiliiltili 



In the Summer of 1823 several gentlemen, among 
whom was Augustus Graham, met at Stevenson's 
Tavern for the purpose of establishing for the appren- 
tices of Brooklyn a Free Library. They adopted a 
constitution and issued to the citizens of Brooklyn a 
circular, in which they solicited donations of books 
and money with which to effect their purpose. On 
November 20th, 1824, they were incorporated by the 
Legislature of the State under the name of The Brook- 
lyn Apprentices Library Association, and on July 4th, 
1825, the corner-stone of the first building owned by 
the Association was laid by General Lafayette, at the 
junction of Henry and Cranberry streets. The first 
lecture delivered in the completed structure was by 
Professor Dana. As early as 1835 the Association 
had outgrown its original quarters, and the property 
being sold to the city the Institution was removed to 
its present site on Washington street, then the centre 
of the wealth and culture of our young city. 



In order to broaden the scope of the Association, 
an amended charter was granted by the Legislature 
in 1843, and the name therein changed to that of the 
Brooklyn Institute. For many years following the In- 
stitute was a most important factor in the social, liter- 
ary, scientific and educational life of Brooklyn. Its 
library had a large circulation ; its public hall was 
the scene of many social and historic gatherings, and 
from its platform were heard such eminent scientific 
men as Agassiz, Dana, Grray, Henry, Morse, Mitchell, 
Torrey, Guyot and Cooke ; such learned divines as 
Doctors McCosh, Hitchcock, Storrs and Buddington, 
and such defenders of the liberties of the people 
as Phillips, Sumner, Garrison, Emerson, Edward 
Everett, Star King, Henry Vv^. Bellows, E. H. Chapin 
and Henry Ward Beecher. 

During this brilliant period of its history, the Insti- 
tute received from Mr. Graham two very important 
donations. On July 4th, 1848, the building, which 
had been heavily mortgaged, he presented to the 
trustees free from all encumbrance, and through his 
will, made known to the Board of Directors on 
November 28th, 1851, shortly after his decease, he 
bequeathed to the Institute the sum of |27,000 as a 
permanent endowment fund. The will directs that 
the interest of $10,000 of this sum shall be used in 
the support of lectures on scientific subjects and in 
the purchase of apparatus and collections illustrating 
the sciences ; that the interest of $12,000 shall be used 
in the support of Sunday evening lectures on ' ' The 
Power, Wisdom and Goodness of God as manifested 
in His Works," and that the balance of $5,000 shall 



be used in the support of a "School of Design" and 
in forming a Gallery of Fine Arts. 

For several years, however, prior to 1867, owing to 
the erection of the Academy of Music and other public 
buildings, the Institute building began to be regarded 
as behind the times. The entrance was faulty and 
its interior arrangements were bad. The income of 
the building was dwindling to a low figure, and the 
support of the free library was thus becoming inade- 
quate. Under these circumstances the Directors 
remodeled the building in 1837, at an expense of 
about $30,000, a part of which was raised by Life 
Membership Supscriptions of $50 and $100, and the 
balance by a mortgage on the building. For twenty 
years past (1867-87) this indebtedness has necessi- 
tated the application of the entire income from the 
rent of the building and from the Graham Endow- 
ment Fund to the payment of the interest and the 
principal of the debt. Final payment on the mort- 
gage was made early in 1887. 

The causes of the inactivity of the Institute during 
the past twenty years are therefore apparent. The 
most that it has been able to do is to circulate its 
library, keep up its classes in drawing, and provide 
for the annual address on the 22d of February. 
Freed from debt it is now once more able to use 
the income from its funds for their legitimate pur- 
poses, and to become an important agent in the 
work of education in the city. 

The property of the Institute now consists of the 
Institute building and land, a library of 15,000 vol- 
umes, and Endowment Funds of $46,000. These last 



\ 



6 

comprise the $27,000 bequeathed by Mr. Graham, 
the Gary Fund of $10,000 for the support of the 
library, and an increment of $9,000 realized through 
premiums on the sale of bonds. The average income 
of the Endowment Funds is now a trifle over five per 
cent. 

During the year 1887-8 the Institute has pro- 
vided two courses of Sunday evening lectures on 
the *' Power, Wisdom and Goodness of God as man- 
ifested in His Works." The first course was given 
by Sir J. William Dawson, LL. D., F. E. S., of 
Montreal ; the second by Professor Alexander Win- 
chell, LL. D., of the University of Michigan. Also 
two courses of illustrated lectures on scientific sub- 
jects have been delivered on successive Thursday 
evenings. The first course was by Professor Charles 
A. Young, LL. D., of Princeton, on Astronomy, and 
the second course by Professors George W. Piymp- 
ton, W. LeConte Stevens, William C. Peckham, 
Franklin W. Hooper and J. S. Newberry and by Mr. 
Garrett P. Serviss. The present circulation of the 
library is at the rate of 22,000 volumes per year, and 
the drawing classes have an average attendance of 
sixty pupils. 

It is the purpose of the present management of the 
Brooklyn Institute to make its property the nucleus 
of a broad and comprehensive institution for the 
advancement of science and art, and its membership 
a large and active association, laboring not only for 
the advancement of knowledge, but also through its 
lectures, its public meetings and its collections in 
science and art, to make the Institute a large factor 



in the education of the people. Boston has its Lowell 
Institute, its Society of Natural History and its Art 
Museum ; Philadelphia has its Academy of Sciences ; 
New York has its American Museum and its Metro- 
politan Museum. Brooklyn may have a Brooklyn 
Institute of Science and Art worthy of her wealth, 
her position, her culture and her people. 

In pursuance of this purpose the Institute has 
recently adopted By-Laws which contemplate the 
formation of a large scientific association and a con- 
tinual increase of the Endowment Funds. It now 
asks the co-operation of all who are interested in 
Science or Art in forming under the charter of the 
Brooklyn Institute, and with its property as a basis, 
a single strong scientific body that shall build up an 
Institute of Science and Art in Brooklyn for the 
good of all her people. 



Act of Incorporation. 



AN ACT 

To continue the incorporation of the Brooklyn 
Institute, to amend the charter thereof, and to 
consolidate the acts relating thereto. Passed 
April 18, 1882. 

The people of the State of New York, repre- 
sented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as 
follows : 

Section 1. The incorporation of the Brooklyn 
Institute is hereby continued until the same shall 
be repealed by the Legislature. 

g 2. The purposes of the said incorporation shall 

Pnrposes of be the continuing of the library, collecting and 
Corporation. « . . , r t_ t_ - j. 

forming a repository of books, maps, pictures, 

drawing apparatus, models of machinery, tools 

and implements generally; for enlarging the 

knowledge in literature, science and art, and 

thereby improving the condition of mechanics, 

manufacturers, artisans and others. 

§ 3. The said incorporation for the purposes 

Powers. thereof shall be capable of taking and holding by 

purchase, devise and otherwise, and of selling, 

leasing, mortgaging, or otherwise disposing of, 

in whole or in part, any of the real or personal 



9 

estate the annual income of which shall not 
exceed ten thousand dollars. 

§ 4. The corporate power of the said Institute corporate 
shall be vested in a board of fifteen persons, who powers in 
shall be elected on the second Monday of January 
of each year, in such manner and form, and at 
such place, as the By-laws of said corporation 
may direct, who shall, at the time of such election, 
be members of the said Institute, and shall enter 
on the duties of their offices on the first of May 
next ensuing their election. The Board of Di- Election 
rectors which shall be elected on the second t^^^^®^^- 
Monday in January, eighteen hundred and sixty- 
three, shall be divided by the Board into three 
classes, to be drawn by lot ; the first class drawn 
shall hold their offices for one year; the second 
class for two years, and the third class for three 
years. On the second Monday in January, eight- 
een hundred and sixty-four, and on the second office. 
Monday in January, in each year thereafter, there 
shall be elected five directors, who shall hold 
their offices for three years, and until others shall 
be elected in their places. 

§ 5. The officers of the corporation shall be a ^^ 
President, Vice-President, Treasurer and Secre- 
tary, who shall be chosen by the Directors from 
their board on the first Saturday in the month of 
May in each year, and shall hold their offices for 
one year, and until others shall be chosen in their 
places. Any vacancies which may occur in the yacancies. 
Board of Directors, or in their officers, shall 
be filled in such manner as the By-laws shall 



10 

provide ; and the officers elected at the election 
on the second Monday of January last shall hold 
their offices until the first day of May, eighteen 
hundred and sixty-three, and until others are 
chosen in their places. 

Trustees. 8 6. The trust funds of the corporation shall 
be controlled and managed by seven Trustees, 
who shall be known as *'The Trustees of the 
Brooklyn Institute," of whom, for the time being, 
the President of the Brooklyn Savings Bank shall 
be one, the President of the said Institute shall 
be one, and the Treasurer of the said Institute 
shall be one. The said Trustees shall have power 
to keep the trust funds of the corporation securely 
invested, and pay over the income arising there- 
from to the Treasurer of the said Institute, to be 
applied by the Board of Directors to the purposes 
of the trusts committed to the said corporation. 
Isaac H. Frothingham, James How, Crawford 
C. Smith, and S. Warren Sneden, and the Presi- 
dent of the Brooklyn Savings Bank, and the 
President and Treasurer of the said Institute, fcr 
the time being, shall be the first trustees for the 
purposes of this act. Any vacancies in the said 

Vacancies, trustees (except the President of the Brooklyn 
Savings Bank, and the President and Treasurer 
of the said Institute), by resignation cr death 
or otherwise, shall be filled by the trustees 
remaining in office at the time of such vacancy, 
provided that every person chosen to fill such 
vacancy shall, at the time of his election, be a 
member of the said Institute. 



11 

§ 7. There sliall be a joint meeting of the Board 
of Directors and Trustees on the first Monday of 
February, in each year, at the Directors' room, 
in the Institute, or such other place as may be 
agreed upon, at which time the Trustees shall 
report to the Board of Directors the state of the 
funds intrusted to them, and the accounts relative 
thereto during the year next previous ; and the 
Treasurer of the said Institute shall at the same 
time report to said Trustees the total anaount of 
income of the Institute, from what sources re- 
ceived and for what purposes expended ; and 
between the first day of February and the first 
day of March of each year, the said Directors 
shall make a report to the Legislature of this 
State, of the state of the funds entrusted to the 
Trustees, as reported by them to the said joint 
meeting, and also the total amount of income of 
the Institute, and the uses to which they have 
been applied during the year next previous. 

g 8. The said corporation shall have power to ^ ^L^^g^ 
make and prescribe such By-laws, rules and 
regulations as may be proper and necessary for 
the purposes of said incorporation, and are not 
inconsistent with the Constitution and Law^s of 
this State. 

§ 9. This corporation shall possess the general Powers, 
powers, and be subject to the general restrictions 
and liabilities, prescribed in the third title of the 
eighteenth chapter of the first part of the Revised 
Statutes. 

§ 10. The act entitled ' 'An act to incorporate Repeal. 



13 

the Brooklyn Apprentices Library Association," 
passed November twentieth, eighteen hundred 
and tv/enty-four, and the act entitled ^'An act to 
extend the charter of the Brooklyn Apprentices 
Library Association, and for other purposes,'* 
passed April thirteenth, eighteen hundred and 
Savins forty-three, are hereby repealed, without prejudice 
Clause. ^Q any rights accrued under the same. 

§ 11. The Legislature may at any time alter, 
amend or repeal this act. 



BY-LAWS 

OF THE 

Brooklyn Institute 



AIITICLE I, 

MEMBERSHIP, 

Section 1. Tlie membersliip of the Brooklyn 
Institute shall cotnprise the following classes: Hon- 
orary Members, Patrons, Life Members, Fellows, 
Associate Members, Corresponding Members and 
Annual Members. 

Section II. The Honorary Membership shall be 
limited to fifty persons and shall comprise those who 
have rendered most distinguished and valuable serv- 
ice to man by their discoveries, contributions, pro- 
ductions or inventions in Science or Art. Candidates 
for Honorary Membership shall be nominated by the 
Council of the Associate Members and shall be elected 
by the Board of Directors. 

Section III. Any person may become a Patron of 
the Institute by subscribing a sum of not less than 
One Thousand Dollars, or by presenting to the Insti- 
tute at any one time, books, maps, charts, drawings, 
paintings, sculptures, models or apparatus and collec- 
tions illustrating any department of Science or Art, 
which shall be estimated by the Board of Directors 



14 

to be worth to the Institute not less than One Thou* 
sand Dollars. Patrons shall be entitled to the use of 
the Library and Reading Rooms, to free admission 
to all lectures delivered under the direction of the 
Institute, and to free instruction for one pupil each 
year in one of the courses of instruction in Science or 
Art given by the Institute. 

Section IV. Any person who contributes to the 
Institute the sum of One Hundred Dollars or presents 
to it at any one time books, maps, charts, drawings^ 
paintings, models or apparatus and collections, illus- 
trating any department of Science or Art, which 
shall be estimated by the Board of Directors to be 
worth to the Institute not less than One Hundred 
Dollars, may be elected a Life Member by vote of the? 
Board of Directors. Life Members shall be entitled 
to the use of the Library and Reading Rooms, and to* 
free admission to all lectures delivered under the 
direction of the Institute. Life Members who have- 
paid One Hundred Dollars to the Institute prior tO' 
February 4th,. 1888,. shall be entitled to free instruction 
for one pupil each year either in the '^Architectural 
and Mechanical, or in the Landscape and Figure 
Classes" in drawing. 

Section V. The Associate Members shall be elect- 
ed from- the following classes of persons r (1) Investi' 
gators, discoverers^ contributors and inventors in' 
any department of Science or Art ; (2) Professors and 
Teachers of Science or Art ; (3) Physicians and Sur- 
geons ; (4) Persons holding degrees from the higher 
Schools of Science or Art ; and (5) Special Students- 
doing original work in any department of the Sciences 



15 

Of the Skilled Arts. Candidates for Associate Member- 
ship shall be nominated by the Council of Associate 
Members and elected by the Board of Directors. 
Associate Members shall contribute an initiation fee 
of Five Dollars and annual dues of Five Dollars, 
payable in advance.*^ They shall be entitled to the 
use of the Library, Reading Rooms and Collections, 
to free admission to all lectures delivered under the 
direction of the Institute, and to attend and take 
part in all the meetings of the Associate Members. 

Section VI. Any Associate Member of the Institute 
who has rendered distinguished and valuable service 
to any department of Science or Art by his discoveries, 
contributions, pixxiuctions or inventions, or by his 
long and eminent service as a teacher of Science or 
Art, may be proposed as a candidate for the position 
of Fellow of the Brooklyn Institutl. The Fel- 
lows shall be nominated by the Council of Associate 
Members and elected by the Board of Directors. The 
Fellows of the Institute have the same privileges as 
the Associate Members and are subject to the same 
annual dues and regulations. 

Section VII. The Corresponding Members shall 
be nominated and elected in the same manner as the 
Associate Members, shall be taken from the same 
classes of persons, shall be entitled to the same 
privileges, but shall not be required to pay an initia- 
tion fee or annual dues. Persons living within 
a radius of twenty miles of the Institute will not be 
received as Corresponding Members. 



* Note. — The first annua^l dues will be payable on October 
1st, 1888, 



16 

Section VIII. Any person may become an Annual 
Member by the payment of Three Dollars a year. 
Annual Members are entitled to the use of the 
Library and Reading Room, and to free admission 
to all lectures delivered under the direction of the 
Institute. 

Section IX. Any member whose annual dues 
remain unpaid for three months after they fall due, 
thereby loses his membership. 

Section X. The Directors shall be chosen from 
the Patrons and Life Members. 

Section XL No person shall be eligible to vote at 
any election for Directors unless he is a Patron or 
a Life Member. 

Section XII. The Directors shall be ex officio 
Associate Members. 

Section XIIL A two-thirds vote shall be necessary 
for the nomination and the election of Honorary 
Members, Associate Members, Fellows and Corres- 
ponding Members. 

Section XIV. The terms Science and Art as used 
in these By-Laws shall include only those Sciences 
and Arts that pertain to material things. 

Section XV. The Board of Directors shall have 
the power to admit as Associate Members of the 
Institute, the entire membership of any Scientific or 
Art Association that will unite with the Institute, 
and upon such terms for initiation as seem just and 
proper. 



17 
ARTICLE II. 

FUNDS. 

Section I. All contributions of One Thousand 
Dollars and upwards to the funds of the Institute 
(unless otherwise designated by the subscribers), to- 
gether with all life-membership subscriptions and 
all initiation fees of Associate Members, shall be 
paid by the Treasurer into the General Endowment 
Fund of the Brooklyn Institute This Fund shall be 
held in trust in common with the other Trust Funds 
of the Institute by the Board of Trustees, and by it 
securely invested. 

Section II. One quarter of the annual income 
from the General Endowment Fund shall be used in 
the support of the Library, and shall be paid to the 
Committee on Library upon its order. Any unex- 
pended balances shall be applied to the general 
purposes of the Institute. 

Section III. A second quarter of the income from 
the General Endowment Fund shall be used in the 
support of the School of Design and the Gallery cf 
Fine Arts, and shall be paid to the Committee on Art 
upon its order. Any unexpended balances shall be 
applied to the general purposes of the Institute. 

Section IV. The remaining half of the income 
from the General Endowment Fund shall be used in 
the support of Lectures on Science and its applica- 
tions to Art, and for the purchase and care of 
apparatus and collections, illustrating Science and 
Art, and said income shall be paid to the Committee 
on Scientific Work upon its order. Any unexpended 



18 

balances shall be applied to the general purposes of 
the Institute. 

Section V. The annual dues received from the 
Associate Members shall be apportioned by the Di- 
rectors among the various Departments of As^sociale 
Members, due regard being held for the number of 
members, the average attendance, the amount and 
character of the work done and the needs of each 
Department. 

Section YI. The dues received from the Annual 
Members shall be used for the general purposes of 
the Institute. 

ARTICLE III. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.* 

Section 1. The Annual Meeting for the electicn of 
members of the Board of Directors shall be on the 
second Monday in January, at the Institute, between 
the hours cf seven and nine o'clock p. M. 

Section II. The Officers of the Board shall be a 
President, a Vice-President, a Treasurer and a Secre- 
tary. They shall be chosen by the Directors from their 
number at the regular meeting of the Board held en 
the first Saturday in May, and shall hold office for 
one year, or until their successors shall be chosen. 

Section III. All elections shall be by ballot. A 
majority of the votes cast shall elect. 

Section IV. At the annual meeting for the elec- 
tion of Directors the Board shall appoint, by viva 



* The Board of Directors consists of fifteen persons, five of 
whom are elected each 3ear and hold office for three years. 



19 

voce vote, two Inspectors of Election, tvhose duty it 
shall be to preside at the election and disclose the 
result. 

Section V. The Board of Directors shall have 
power to fill all vacancies in the Board or its Officers, 
and to declare the seat of any member vacated who 
shall have failed to attend four successive regular 
meetings, unless prevented by sickness or by absence 
from the city. 

Section VI. The regular meetings of the Board 
shall be held at the Institute on the first Saturday in 
each month, at eight o'clock P. M., written notices 
for which shall be served on each member of the 
Board. Eight members of the Board shall constitute 
a quorum for the transaction of business. 

Section VII. The regular order of business at 
meetings of the Board shall be (1). Reading of 
Minutes, (2). Communications, (3). Report of the 
Treasurer, (4). Report of the Executive Committee, 
(5). Reports of Standing Committees, (6). Reports of 
Special Committees, (7). Unfinished Business, (8). 
Motions and Miscellaneous Business. 

Section VIII* The President or any three members 
of the Board shall have power to call special meetings 
of the Board as often as, in their judgment, the in- 
terests of the Institute may require. 

ARTICLE IV. 
committees of the board. 

Section I. The President shall appoint annually, 
in the month of May, the following Standing Com* 



20 

mittees, of three members each, who, in addition to 
the duties specified under Article II, shall execute 
the provisions of the will of the late Augustus 
Graham, in which certain endowments were made 
to the Brooklyn Institute, viz. : Committee on Scien- 
tific Work, Committee on Art, Committee on Sunday 
Evening Lectures and Committee on Litrary. 

Section II. The President, Vice-President, Treas- 
urer and Secretary, together with the Chairmen of 
the four Standing Committees — on Scientific Work, 
on Art, on Sunday Evening Lectures and on Library- 
shall constitute an Executive Committee, three of 
whom shall be a quorum for the transaction of busi- 
ness. 

Section III. The Executive Committee shall have 
charge of the Institute building, purchase supplies, 
regulate the renting of any part of the building not 
required for the purposes of the Institute, and make 
contracts for all necessary repairs. They shall not 
rent the Lecture Room or any part of the building 
for any exhibition or lecture having an immoral tend- 
ency, or for any political meetings. They shall keep 
a correct record of all their proceedings, and submit 
the same to the Board of Directors at each regular 
meeting. It shall also be the duty of the Executive 
Committee to report to the Board of Directors, at its 
regular meeting in January, the net income from 
rent of building (after paying the salaries of the 
keeper, librarian, fuel and other expensec), and also 
the net incomes from all endov/ment funds for the 
year ending on the thirty-first day of December next 
preceding; and the Board of Directors shall thereupon 



21 

apportion the net incomes, as directed in the Vv ill of 
Mr. Augustus Graham, and his letter dated July 
4th, 1848, and also as provided in Article II of these 
By-Laws. 

Section IV. The Committee on Scientific Work 
shall have charge of executing the following clauses 
of the will : 

"I give and bequeath unto the Brooklyn Institute the sum of 
Five Thousand Dollars, to be invested, and the interest of the 
same to applied to the purchase of apparatus, and to the 
establishment and support of a course of free lectures annually, 
upon Mechanics, Natural Philosophy and Science, for the 
youth of the City of Brooklyn. 

"Also the further sum of Five Thousand Dollars, to be 
invested as aforesaid, the income to be applied to the purchase 
of specimens of Natural History, and in causing free lectures 
to be delivered upon the subject of Natural History, from time 
to time, in the Lecture-room of said Institute; and also to the 
support and benefit of the Natural History Department of the 
Brooklyn Institute ; and any surplus of said income to be 
applied to the general objects of said Institute." 

Section Y. The Committee on Art shall have 

charge of executing the follov/ing clause of the will : 

"Also the sum of Five Thousand Dollars, to be invested as 
aforesaid, and to apply the income thereof as follows : One- 
half toward the support of the School of Design, and the other 
half annually to a specimen of the fine arts, to be executed by a 
native artist, and kept in said Institute for the purpose of form- 
ing a Gallery of Fine Arts." 

Section VI. The Committee on Sunday Evening 
Lectures shall have charge of executing the follow- 
ing clause of the will : 

"Also the sum of Twelve Thousand Dollars, to be invested as 
aforesaid, the income to be applied to the delivery of Sunday 
Evening Lectures at such time as may be deemed advisable by 



22 

the Directors or Trustees, on the Power, Wisdom and Goodness 
of God, as manifested in His works." 

Section VII. The Committee on Library shall have 
general supervision of all matters pertaining to the 
Library and Reading-rooms, make all purchases 
of books, provide for the proper celebration on the 
22d day of February, in each year, and execute gen- 
erally the provisions as to the Library, contained in 
the letter of Mr. Augustus Graham, dated July 4th, 
1848. 

ARTICLE V. 

TREASURER. 

Section I. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to 
receive all moneys belonging to the Institute and 
place them to the credit of the proper account ; to 
pay, upon the audit of a majority of each of the 
Standing Committees of the Board, such sums as 
they may expend in the discharge of their duties ; to 
pay upon the order of the Board of Directors or of 
the Executive Committees such sums as they may 
direct, and in general to keep the accounts of the 
Institute and report the condition of the treasury 
and of its various accounts to the Board of Directors. 

Section II. Twenty-five per cent, of the net income 
from the building and from each of the several en- 
dowment funds shall be placed to the credit of the 
General Fund to be used in defraying the incidental 
expenses of the Institute. 

Section III. The foregoing sections of the By-Laws 
may be altered or amended by a vote of two-thirds 



23 

of the members of the Board of Directors present at 
any meeting convened with notice for that purpose. 

VI. 

BY-LAWS OF THE ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. 

Section I. The officers of the general body of Asso- 
ciate Members shall be a President, one Vice-Presi- 
dent from each Department of Associate Members, 
and a Secretary. The foregoing officers, together 
with the President of the Board of Directors and the 
Chairmen of the Committees on Scientific Work, on 
Art and on Library, shall constitute a Council. 

Section II. The following Departments, composed 
of Associate Members, may be formed : (1) Anthro- 
pology; (2) Architecture ; (3) Astronomy; (4) Bot- 
any; (5) Chemistry; (6) Engineering; (7) Fine Arts; 
(8) Geography; (9) Geology; (10) Microscopy; (11) 
Mineralogy; (12) Photography ; (13) Physics; (14) 
Zoology. 

Section III. The officers of each Department shall 
be a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary and a 
Treasurer. Such additional officers or organization 
as any Department shall find necessary to the accom- 
plishment of its w^ork shall be provided by the 
Department itself. The President of a Department 
shall be a Vice-President of the general body of Asso- 
ciate Members. 

Section IV. The Annual Meeting of the Associate 
Members shall be held on the Tuesday following the 
third Saturday in May, and the stated meetings on 



24 

the second Saturday of each month, omitting July, 
August and September. The Annual Meetings of 
the various Departments of Associate Members shall 
be held between the first and the fourteenth days of 
May. All other meetings of the various Departments 
shall be arranged by the Departments themselves. 

Section V. The stated meetings of the Council 
shall be on the third Saturday in each month, 
omitting July, August and September. The stated 
meeting in May shall also be the annual meeting of 
the Council. At its annual meeting the Council shall 
elect its President and Secretary, who shall be also 
respectively the President and Secretary of the As- 
sociate Members. A majority of the members of the 
Council shall constitute a quorum. 

Section VI. It shall be one of the duties of the 
President of the Associate Members to present at 
their Annual Meeting, and at the close of his term 
of office, an address which shall include a review of 
the present condition of some department of Science 
or Art. This address shall be incorporated in the 
proceedings of the Institute. 

Section VII. Among the duties of the Council 
shall be — 

(1.) To nominate candidates for the following 
classes of membership : Honorary Members, Fellows, 
Associate Members and Corresponding Members. 

(2.) To recommend to the Board of Directors (a) 
measures that will facilitate the v/ork of each of the 
Sections ; (b) the proper allotment of the income 
from the annual dues of Associate Members, accord- 



25 

ing to the plan set forth in Article II, Section V, of 
the By-Laws of the Institute, and (c) any plan look- 
ing toward an increase in the usefulness of the Insti- 
tute. 

(3.) To appoint a Committee on Stated and Public 
Meetings, a Committee on Publication, and a Com- 
mittee on Ways and Means. 

Section VIII. It shall be the duty of the Com- 
mittee on Stated and Public Meetings to have 
charge of the Scientific Work presented at all of the 
regular and public meetings of the Associate Mem- 
bers. The duty of the Committee on Publication 
shall be to edit and publish such of the proceedings 
of the Institute, of its Associate Membership, and of 
the various Departments of Associate Members as it 
shall approve, or as shall be approved by the Council. 
The Committee on Ways and Means shall co-operate 
with the Board of Directors in increasing the Endow- 
ment Funds, in enlarging the Library and collec- 
tions, and, in general, in adding to the property of 
the Institute. 

Section IX Propositions for general Associate 
Membership may originate with the Council. Pro- 
positions for membership in any Department shall 
be made by that Department. Persons already 
Associate Members may be elected members of any 
Department by the Department itself. 

Section X. Any Department may present to the 
Council the name of any person who is eligible as 
Corresponding Member. Such person, if nomi- 
nated and elected, shall be known as Corresponding 
Member of the Department that presents the name. 



26 

Section XI. An Associate Member shall have the 
privilege of attending the meetings of any of the 
Departments, but shall have no voice in the man- 
agement of a Department of which he is not a 
member. The President of the Board of Directors 
and the President of the Council shall be ex officio 
members of each of the Departments. 

Section XII. It shall be the duty of each Depart- 
ment of Associate Members to make an annual re- 
port in the month of May to the Board of Directors, 
and to the Council of Associate Members on the 
vrork, the needs, the membership and the attendance 
of the Department. 

Section XIII. Each Department may adopt such 
rules to govern its action as are consistent with the 
general By-Laws of the Institute and of the Associ- 
ate members. 

Section XIV. Vacancies in the oflfices of the As- 
sociate Members may be filled at any stated or 
regular meeting, provided two weeks' notice of the 
election is sent by mail to each person entitled to 
vote. 

Section XV. All elections shall be by ballot. 

Section XVI. The Sections of this Article may be 
amended by the concurrent vote of the Council and 
the Board of Directors. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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